利用COST-G GRACE时变模型反演黄土高原陆地水储量变化     

禤键豪  张兴福  陈鑑华  马资颖 《大地测量与地球动力学》2022,42(5):510-514

综合利用COST-G GRACE时变重力场模型、降水、气温、GLDAS模型中地表水、实测浅层地下水和NDVI等多源数据,分析2002-04~2016-12黄土高原陆地水储量的时空变化特征,并利用偏最小二乘回归方法定性分析黄土高原陆地水储量变化的驱动因素。结果表明：1)研究时段内黄土高原陆地水储量具有上升-下降-平缓下降的变化特征,山西省陆地水储量亏损趋势明显;2) 2004~2009年采煤用水、人类生活用水和植被作用是黄土高原陆地水储量下降的重要因素,2010~2016年工业用水、人类生活用水和气温上升是黄土高原陆地水储量下降的重要因素。  相似文献   

青藏高原东南缘现今地壳形变与多尺度应变率场特征     

陈斌  瞿伟  张勤  王庆良  郝明 《大地测量与地球动力学》2022,42(10):1047-1055

利用青藏高原东南缘1999~2007年与2011~2017年高精度GNSS监测资料,充分顾及GNSS测站非均匀分布的特性,构建青藏高原东南缘地壳形变多尺度球面小波模型,定量分析汶川强震前后该区域地壳形变与不同空间尺度下地壳应变率场变化特征。研究结果表明,汶川强震前后研究区整体地壳运动具有一定继承性发展特征,均在龙门山、安宁河、则木河与小江断裂处形成明显的速度差异梯度带,且高应变率值也主要聚集在上述主干断裂及附近区域;汶川强震后,研究区域整体地壳运动速率量值,特别是龙门山断裂带西北侧地壳运动速度量值显著增大,羌塘、巴颜喀拉与川滇地块也呈现出加速向南东运移并推动华南块体的趋势。不同尺度下的应变率场反映出不同空间范围下区域应变积累特征,青藏高原东南缘区域在尺度因子q=7时的计算结果是合理的（合理的最大尺度因子）;当尺度因子q=6时,能较好地揭示出区域整体构造活动特性,即清晰地揭示出汶川强震后龙门山断裂处呈现出的显著主压应变、面压缩与最大剪应变率高值特征;当尺度因子q=3~7时（最佳组合尺度因子）,可较好地综合揭示出区域地壳大尺度（整体）形变与局部形变特征。汶川强震后,研究区域主干断裂带,特别是震中及其附近区域地震活动性显著增强。  相似文献   

西藏加查拉岗村巨型古滑坡发育特征与形成机理研究     

吴瑞安  张永双  郭长宝  杨志华  刘筱怡 《地质学报》2018,92(6):1324-1334

青藏高原地质构造活跃,内外动力作用强烈,加之气候异常变化,区内大型滑坡发育。以雅鲁藏布江断裂附近新发现的拉岗村古滑坡为研究对象,在现场调查、槽探揭露、地质测年和工程地质分析等基础上,对其发育特征及成因机制进行了分析研究。研究表明,(1)拉岗村滑坡属巨型岩质滑坡,体积达3.6×107 m3,最大水平滑动距离约3050m,滑坡后壁与堆积体前缘高差达965m,最大运动速率达78.1m/s,具明显高速远程特征;(2)受冷冻风化和冰体"楔劈"作用影响,滑坡后部岩体崩裂,全新世以来气候变化冰川逐渐消退,融雪降水入渗加剧劣化岩体结构,降低岩体强度;(3)根据14 C和10Be测年结果,拉岗村古滑坡形成于距今4140~9675a,沿雅鲁藏布江断裂发生的强震可能是该滑坡的直接诱因,岩体受到地震抛掷力作用,原有节理裂隙和新生破裂面发生张剪-拉裂破坏迅速贯通,首先沿断裂附近碎裂结构岩体发生破坏,上部岩体随之失稳并高速下滑。该研究可为认识青藏高原断裂带内大型古滑坡的形成机理提供借鉴。  相似文献   

Variations in the sensitivity of the optically stimulated luminescence from quartz in the Xifeng section: A spatiotemporal comparison across the Chinese Loess Plateau since the last interglaciation     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2022

The sensitivity of the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) from quartz is thought to be mainly influenced by source rock (crystallization temperature and quartz defect types) and depositional history (irradiation/bleaching cycles). In this study, the OSL sensitivity of quartz of different grain sizes from loess (L1) and paleosol (S1) layers at the Xifeng section of the Chinese Loess Plateau was analyzed. The OSL sensitivity of the samples from the Xifeng section shows a distinct difference between glacial and interglacial cycles, which is consistent with the patterns observed from magnetic susceptibility (MS) and grain sizes. The highest OSL sensitivity is observed in S1, which is twelve times the lowest sensitivity observed in L1. Moreover, the contribution of the fast component of quartz OSL from the paleosol accounts for more than 90% of the total OSL signal. In contrast, the middle and slow components contribute more in loess, and a significant variation among different aliquots was observed.Comparison of the data obtained from loess sections from different regions, including Xifeng, Luochuan, Jingyuan and Shimao, show significant differences in the magnitudes of OSL sensitivity but a similar pattern between glacial and interglacial periods. The results of this study suggest that, except for the wildfire model proposed to interpret the high OSL sensitivity in paleosol (Zhang, 2018), the shift of wind pattern of westerly wind (i.e., transporting “dim” source from North Tibetan Plateau and northwesterly wind (i.e., transporting “bright” source from Alxa Arid Lands and the subsequent mixture from the different sources may partially contribute to the different OSL sensitivities observed for Xifeng and Luochuan. In contrast, the OSL sensitivity of Shimao samples from L1 was affected by the input from the Mu Us Desert, and those of Jingyuan may affected by the contribution from the Yellow River.  相似文献   

First high-resolution luminescence dating of loess in Western Siberia     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2022

The south of Western Siberia is an important part of the Eurasian loess belt, containing an extensive record of Quaternary landscape and climate evolution in up to 100 m thick loess deposits with as many as 10 pedocomplexes. However, this important Quaternary archive lacks a reliable absolute chronology, and this has prevented the linking of the widely accepted regional chronostratigraphic correlations with those of other parts of the Eurasian loess belt. Here we present the first results of detailed luminescence dating of the Late Pleistocene loess-palaeosol sequence at the Western Siberian stratotype section of Lozhok. According to the classical regional chronostratigraphic scheme, this sequence records the main stages of the environmental evolution of the region, including three palaeosols correlated with the warming stages of MIS 5e, MIS 5c and MIS 3. Our absolute chronology is based on 38 new luminescence ages (OSL, IR₅₀, pIRIR₂₉₀). Good agreement between the OSL and pIRIR₂₉₀ ages suggests sufficient bleaching before deposition. The resulting chronology reveals that, rather than being only Upper Pleistocene in age, the loess-palaeosol sequence at Lozhok actually formed in the Middle and Upper Pleistocene. The ages of individual horizons do not correspond to the previously accepted stratigraphic units and morphological features of pedocomplexes. Our Bayesian chronological model reveals remarkable variation in dust accumulation and preservation at the site. The new results unambiguously identify the presence of an erosional boundary with a hiatus lasting ∼90 ka. The upper pedocomplex, immediately below this discontinuity, formed in sediment deposited between 131 ± 9 ka and 122 ± 11 ka and clearly corresponds to MIS 5. The lower pedocomplex is found in sediment deposited between 240 ± 12 and 199 ± 9 ka, and correlates closely with MIS 7. These new findings demonstrate the urgent need for a wider programme to date the main stratotypes of loess-palaeosol sections in Western Siberia. Only then can the global implications of the regional climate record in this important continental-scale archive be correctly interpreted.  相似文献   

东北印度洋源汇过程及古环境与古季风演化     

官玉龙  陈亮  姜兆霞  李三忠  肖春凤  陈龙 《地学前缘》2022,29(5):102-118

东北印度洋地理位置独特,其沉积物记录了青藏高原隆升及孟加拉扇的“源-汇”过程、印度季风与东亚季风的“海-气”交互作用、印-太暖池热传输的演变与高纬气候之间的相位关系等关键信息,是喜马拉雅地区“构造-气候-沉积”耦合演化的良好记录载体,是探讨多圈层相互作用、探索古气候与古环境演化的理想“窗口”。本文系统总结了近年来有关东北印度洋季风与表层环流特征、沉积物组成及物源、气候环境演化以及环境磁学记录等方面的研究进展。分析表明,东北印度洋为典型的季风风场,表层环流受季风影响强烈,夏季和冬季环流差异明显。沉积物类型丰富,包括河流输运而来的陆源碎屑、钙质和硅质为主的生物沉积以及火山物质等。但目前对于该区域的沉积物的具体组成、“源-汇”过程、迁移历史、季风演化与青藏高原隆升、高纬气候变化之间相互关系等方面的认识尚存在较大的分歧。同时,受样品获取难度大、磁学信号稀释严重等因素的限制,环境磁学作为一种在示踪沉积物物质来源、恢复古气候和古环境等方面被普遍认可的技术手段,在东北印度洋区并没有得到充分的发挥与应用。因此,未来需要在前人研究的基础上,将目光向东北印度洋更南、更深处延伸,对其“源-汇”过程进行全面分析。在研究方法上进一步拓展,采用更高精度的技术手段提取磁学信号,加大环境磁学的应用,寻找有效的替代性指标,解决该地区季风演化、古海洋环境变化等气候环境问题,为该地区环境气候研究提供新认识。并尝试开展地磁场长期变化(paleosecular variation, PSV)研究,建立东北印度洋的PSV记录,辅助修正全球地磁场模型,探究地球深部动力过程。  相似文献   

Spatiotemporal variations of suspended sediment transport in the upstream and midstream of the Yarlung Tsangpo River (the upper Brahmaputra), China   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

Xiaonan Shi  Fan Zhang  Xixi Lu  Zhaoyin Wang  Tongliang Gong  Guanxing Wang  Hongbo Zhang 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(2):432-443

The Yarlung Tsangpo River, which flows from west to east across the southern part of the Tibetan Plateau, is the longest river on the plateau and an important center for human habitation in Tibet. Suspended sediment in the river can be used as an important proxy for evaluating regional soil erosion and ecological and environmental conditions. However, sediment transport in the river is rarely reported due to data scarcity. Results from this study based on a daily dataset of 3 years from four main stream gauging stations confirmed the existence of great spatiotemporal variability in suspended sediment transport in the Yarlung Tsangpo River, under interactions of monsoon climate and topographical variability. Temporally, sediment transport or deposition mainly occurred during the summer months from July to September, accounting for 79% to 93% of annual gross sediment load. This coincided with the rainy season from June to August that accounted for 51% to 80% of annual gross precipitation and the flood period from July to September that accounted for approximately 60% of annual gross discharge. The highest specific sediment yield of 177.6 t/km²/yr occurred in the upper midstream with the highest erosion intensity. The lower midstream was dominated by deposition, trapping approximately 40% of total sediment input from its upstream area. Sediment load transported to the midstream terminus was 10.43 Mt/yr with a basin average specific sediment yield of 54 t/km²/yr. Comparison with other plateau‐originated rivers like the upper Yellow River, the upper Yangtze River, the upper Indus River, and the Mekong River indicated that sediment contribution from the studied area was very low. The results provided fundamental information for future studies on soil and water conservation and for the river basin management. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

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邢乐林  李建成  李辉  邹正波  周新 《大地测量与地球动力学》2007,27(6):33-36

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青藏高原那曲地区雷电特征初步分析   总被引：32，自引：3，他引：29       下载免费PDF全文

赵阳  张义军  董万胜  张鸿发  陈成品  张彤 《地球物理学报》2004,47(3):405-410

通过对2002年夏季青藏高原那曲地区雷暴过程及闪电观测资料的初步分析,发现该地区雷暴电荷结构具有多样性和复杂性,地闪明显偏少. 对高原地闪的一些基本特征参量的统计分析表明,无论正地闪还是负地闪梯级先导前都具有持续时间较长的云内放电过程,地闪以单次回击为主. 与中低纬度地区相比,高原地闪中正地闪比例明显要高,为33髎;负地闪为67髎;正、负地闪回击后常常伴随短时间的连续电流.  相似文献   

气候变化对全新世以来中国东部政治、经济和社会发展影响的初步研究   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3  

任美锷 《地球科学进展》2004,19(5):695-698

将社会科学(文史考古研究)与自然科学(气候变化)结合,分析了黄土高原社会经济发展较长江三角洲地区为早的原因,提出这可能是由于全新世大暖期的气候变化对不同地理区域产生不同的影响,最后并分析了中国历史上的3次移民潮的原因及其对长江三角洲社会经济发展的影响。  相似文献